Modul 4: Monitoring & Optimization

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In this post, I provide complete, accurate, and detailed explanations for the answers to Modul 4: Monitoring & Optimization of Course 2: AWS Cloud Technical Essentials

Whether you’re preparing for quizzes or brushing up on your knowledge, these insights will help you master the concepts effectively. Let’s dive into the correct answers and detailed explanations for each question!

Week 4 Quiz

Graded Assignment

1. What are the three components of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

  • Scaling policies, security group, EC2 Auto Scaling group
  • Launch template, scaling policies, EC2 Auto Scaling group ✅
  • Security group, instance type, key pair
  • Amazon Machine Image (AMI) ID, instance type, storage

Explanation:
These components work together to define:

  • What to launch (Launch Template)
  • When to scale (Scaling Policies)
  • Where to manage the fleet (Auto Scaling Group)

2. Which of the following features are included in Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)?

  • Automatic scaling
  • Integration with Amazon Relational Database Service RDS
  • Integration with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
  • A and B
  • A and C ✅

Explanation:
ELB works seamlessly with Auto Scaling to distribute traffic. It does not directly integrate with Amazon RDS.

3. True or False: When a user uses Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) with an Auto Scaling group, it is not necessary to manually register individual Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances with the load balancer.

  • True ✅
  • False

Explanation:
When using ELB with Auto Scaling, instances are automatically registered and deregistered — no manual setup needed.

4. An application must choose target groups by using a rule that is based on the path of a URL. Which Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) type should be used for this use case?

  • Classic Load Balancer
  • Application Load Balancer ✅
  • Network Load Balancer
  • Target Load Balancer

Explanation:
Application Load Balancer (ALB) supports advanced routing, such as path-based or host-based routing.

5. What are the two ways that an application can be scaled?

  • Vertically and horizontally ✅
  • Diagonally and vertically
  • Horizontally and diagonally
  • Independently and vertically

Explanation:

  • Vertical scaling = increasing instance size
  • Horizontal scaling = adding more instances

6. Which elements in Amazon CloudWatch dashboards can be used to view and analyze metrics?

  • Widgets ✅
  • Metrics
  • Icons
  • Components

Explanation:
Widgets are visual elements (graphs, numbers, text, etc.) used to display metrics in a dashboard.

7. What are the possible states of a metric alarm in Amazon CloudWatch?

  • OK, ALARM, NOT_AVAILABLE
  • OK, ALERT, INSUFFICIENT_DATA
  • OK, ALARM, INSUFFICIENT_DATA ✅
  • OK, ALERT, NOT_AVAILABLE

Explanation:
These are the three possible states a CloudWatch alarm can be in.

8. What kind of data can a company collect with VPC Flow Logs?

  • Data about network traffic that comes into and out of a virtual private cloud (VPC) ✅
  • Malicious activity and unauthorized behavior
  • Configurations of AWS resources
  • Compliance-related information

Explanation:
VPC Flow Logs capture IP traffic flow data for monitoring and troubleshooting.

9. What is a benefit of monitoring on AWS?

  • Monitoring creates operation overhead.
  • Monitoring recognizes security threats and events. ✅
  • Monitoring decreases the performance and reliability of resources.
  • Monitoring increases speed and agility

Explanation:
AWS monitoring tools help detect anomalies, performance issues, and security threats in real time.

10. True or False: When a company redesigns an application by using a serverless service on AWS, they might not need to configure networking components, such as a virtual private cloud (VPC), subnets, and security groups.

  • True ✅
  • False

Explanation:
Many serverless services (e.g., Lambda, API Gateway) abstract away the underlying infrastructure, meaning users may not need to configure VPCs, subnets, or security groups.

End of Course Assessment

Graded Assignment

11. What are the four main factors that a solutions architect should consider when they must choose a Region?

  • Latency, price, service availability, and compliance ✅
  • Latency, high availability, taxes, and compliance.
  • Latency, taxes, speed, and compliance
  • Latency, security, high availability, and resiliency

Explanation:
These four factors affect performance, cost, and legal requirements. Choosing a Region close to users reduces latency, pricing varies by Region, not all services are available in every Region, and compliance ensures data meets regulatory standards.

12. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between Regions, Availability Zones and data centers?

  • Availability Zones are clusters of Regions. Regions are clusters of data centers.
  • Data centers are cluster of Availability Zones.
  • Regions are clusters of Availability Zones. Regions are clusters of Availability Zones. Availability Zones are clusters of data centers. ✅
  • Data centers are clusters of Regions. Regions are clusters of Availability Zones.

Explanation:
A Region is a geographic location that contains multiple Availability Zones (AZs), and each AZ consists of one or more isolated data centers with redundant power, networking, and connectivity.

13. Which of the following can be found in an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy?

  • Effect
  • Action
  • Object
  • A and B ✅
  • B and C

Explanation:
IAM policies define permissions. The Effect determines whether the action is allowed or denied, and Action specifies the operation (like s3:GetObject). Object isn’t a valid IAM policy element.

14. A solutions architect is consulting for a company. When users in the company authenticate to a corporate network, they want to be able to use AWS without needing to sign in again. Which AWS identity should the solutions architect recommend for this use case?

  • AWS account root user
  • AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user
  • IAM Role ✅
  • IAM Group

Explanation:
IAM roles allow federated users to access AWS resources without creating individual IAM users. It’s ideal for single sign-on from corporate networks.

15. A company wants to allow resources in a public subnet to communicate with the internet. Which of the following must the company do to meet this requirement?

  • Create a route to a private subnet
  • Attach an internet gateway to their VPC
  • Create a route in a route table to the internet gateway
  • A and B
  • B and C ✅

Explanation:
For public internet access, the VPC needs an internet gateway attached, and the route table associated with the subnet must have a route directing traffic to that gateway.

16. What does an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance type indicate?

  • Instance family and instance size ✅
  • Instance placement and instance size
  • Instance tenancy and instance billing
  • Instance Amazon Machine Image (AMI) and networking speed

Explanation:
EC2 instance types define the hardware specifications. The family (e.g., t3, m5) determines performance characteristics, and the size (e.g., micro, large) defines resource allocation.

17. What is a typical use case for Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)?

  • Object storage for media hosting ✅
  • Object storage for a boot drive
  • Block storage for an EC2 instance
  • File storage for multiple EC2 instances

Explanation:
S3 is designed for object storage like images, videos, documents, and backups. It is not meant for block or file-level storage like EBS or EFS.

18. A solutions architect is working for a healthcare facility, and they are tasked with storing 7 years of patient information that is rarely accessed. The facility’s IT manager asks the solutions architect to consider one of the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) storage tiers to store the patient information. Which storage tier should the solutions architect suggest?

  • Amazon S3 Standard
  • Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive ✅
  • Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access
  • Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering

Explanation:
S3 Glacier Deep Archive offers the lowest-cost storage for long-term, infrequently accessed data like compliance records, with retrieval times of up to 12 hours.

19. Which task of running and operating the database are users responsible for when they use Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)?

  • Optimizing the database ✅
  • Provisioning and managing the underlying infrastructure
  • Installing the relational database management system on the database instance
  • Installing patches to the operating system for the database instance

Explanation:
AWS manages infrastructure and database software maintenance. Users are responsible for query optimization, indexing, and schema design to ensure performance.

20. True or false: A Multi-AZ deployment is beneficial when users want to increase the availability of their database.

  • True ✅
  • False

Explanation:
Multi-AZ deployment automatically replicates the database to another AZ. In case of failure, it fails over to the replica to maintain high availability.

21. What are the three components of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

  • Scaling policies, security group, EC2 Auto Scaling group
  • Launch template, scaling policies, EC2 Auto Scaling group ✅
  • Security group, instance type, key pair
  • Amazon Machine Image (AMI) ID, instance type, storage

Explanation:
A launch template defines instance configurations, the Auto Scaling group manages the fleet of instances, and scaling policies determine when to scale in or out.

22. An application must choose target groups by using a rule that is based on the path of a URL. Which Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) type should be used for this use case?

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  • Classic Load Balancer
  • Application Load Balancer ✅
  • Network Load Balancer
  • Gateway Load Balancer

Explanation:
ALB operates at Layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) and supports routing based on URL paths, host headers, etc., making it ideal for microservices and modern web applications.

Related contents:

Module 1: AWS Overview and Security
Module 2: Compute & Networking
Module 3: Storage & Databases on AWS

You might also like:

Course 1: Introduction to Information Technology and AWS Cloud
Course 3: Providing Technical Support for AWS Workloads
Course 4: Developing Applications in Python on AWS
Course 5: Skills for Working as an AWS Cloud Consultant
Course 6: DevOps on AWS and Project Management
Course 7: Automation in the AWS Cloud
Course 8: Data Analytics and Databases on AWS
Course 9: Capstone: Following the AWS Well Architected Framework

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